Academic painting - NIOS is providing a number of Vocational, Life Enrichment and community oriented courses besides General and Academic Courses at Secondary and Senior Secondary level. ... 225 - Painting: View 225 - Painting - April 2013 (2.24 MB) View 225 - Painting - Oct 2014 (92 KB) View 225 - Painting - April 2015: View 225 - Painting - Oct 2015 (147 KB)

 
The Education of Achilles by the Centaur Chiron by Auguste-Clément Chrétien, dated 1861. The Salon. The greatest celebration of Academic art was the annual Paris Salon — the official art exhibition of the Académie des Beaux-Arts. The Salon was highly competitive, and its jury strict and conservative. Salon paintings were juried to …. Los angeles ca to london england

Mural painting with emphasis on ideas development, collaborative execution, and constructivist learning is a typical inclusive learning experience for art students. The whole mural painting production involves so many processes, including mural design, wall preparation, layout plotting, painting execution, varnishing protection, documentation ...Academic art – Style of painting and sculpture; Artistic freedom – Freedom of expression and publication; Body proportions – Proportions of the human body in art Artistic canons of body proportions – Criteria used in formal figurative art; Depictions of nudity – Visual representations of the nude human formNov 9, 2021 · Animal Crossing: New Horizons real vs. fake painting differences. Academic Painting ("Vitruvian Man” by Leonardo Da Vinci) — The fake copy has tea or coffee stains in the top-right corner. NIOS is providing a number of Vocational, Life Enrichment and community oriented courses besides General and Academic Courses at Secondary and Senior Secondary level. ... 225 - Painting: View 225 - Painting - April 2013 (2.24 MB) View 225 - Painting - Oct 2014 (92 KB) View 225 - Painting - April 2015: View 225 - Painting - Oct 2015 (147 KB) French art salons and academies. From the seventeenth century to the early part of the twentieth century, artistic production in France was controlled by artistic academies which organized official exhibitions called salons. In France, academies are institutions and learned societies which monitor, foster, critique and protect French cultural ... William-Adolphe Bouguereau (French pronunciation: [wijam.adɔlf buɡ(ə)ʁo]; 30 November 1825 – 19 August 1905) was a French academic painter.In his realistic genre paintings he used mythological themes, making modern interpretations of classical subjects, with an emphasis on the female human body. During his life he enjoyed significant popularity in …William-Adolphe Bouguereau was a French painter, a dominant figure in his nation’s academic painting during the second half of the 19th century. Bouguereau entered the École des Beaux-Arts in 1846 and was awarded the Prix de Rome in 1850. Upon his return to France from four years’ study in Italy,1560 - 1900. Academic art, or academicism or academism, is a style of painting and sculpture produced under the influence of European academies of art. Specifically, …Apr 23, 2020 · How Redd’s Fake & Real Art Works. When Redd’s Treasure Trawler ship shows up on your island’s north secret beach, you can purchase both paintings and statues inside from him for 4,980 Bells each. Be careful though because there is a chance for the art piece you buy to be a fake forgery version, instead of a real genuine. With studies in Art & Design, Drawing & Painting, Fabric Decoration, Fashion Design, Graphic Design, Interior Design, Multi-Media Crafts and Sculpture, Buruburu Institute of …This is a full-length portrait of an academic and his reflexive journal. Through a process of writing and painting in the journal, the subject of the portrait notices and creates the lived experience of his role. The portrait captures layers ofSalvator Rosa's A Rocky Coast, With Soldiers Studying A Plan was painted in the late 1640s. A 17th Century painting that was stolen from an Oxford university art …Academic painting was characterized by a focus on accuracy, formal conventions, and the representation of historical events. On the other hand, impressionism was a departure from the norm since it sought to capture transitory impressions through the use of gestural brushwork and an emphasis on topical themes.Learn anywhere with our online instructional video, where principal instructor Fernando Freitas takes you through a step-by-step process of the stages of painting in the tradition of the French Academic ateliers. Starting with the imprimatura, the drawing stage, dead colour, first painting, then finally second painting, students will gain a ...Learn anywhere with our online instructional video, where principal instructor Fernando Freitas takes you through a step-by-step process of the stages of painting in the tradition of the French Academic ateliers. Starting with the imprimatura, the drawing stage, dead colour, first painting, then finally second painting, students will gain a ...NIOS is providing a number of Vocational, Life Enrichment and community oriented courses besides General and Academic Courses at Secondary and Senior Secondary level. ... 225 - Painting: View 225 - Painting - April 2013 (2.24 MB) View 225 - Painting - Oct 2014 (92 KB) View 225 - Painting - April 2015: View 225 - Painting - Oct 2015 (147 KB) Our Approach. The following academic paintings including some by our instructors demonstrate our approach to the teaching of drawing. Self portrait by Bridgeview instructor Sasha Budaev, mixed media. Portrait of Sonya Tsypina by Bridgeview instructor Polina Osnachu k. First Place at the Portrait Society of America Competition, 2014. William-Adolphe Bouguereau was a French painter, a dominant figure in his nation’s academic painting during the second half of the 19th century. Bouguereau entered the École des Beaux-Arts in 1846 and was awarded the Prix de Rome in 1850. Upon his return to France from four years’ study in Italy,Academic art, also known as fireman art, is an artistic movement of the mid-19th century. It is expressed in a strong interest in historical themes and orientalism. ... As you can imagine, the more important the subject, the larger the painting must be to represent it. Ernest Meissonier, 1814, Campagne de France (1864), Paris, musée d'Orsay.The term "Academic art" (sometimes referred to as "academicism" or "eclecticism") has traditionally been used in fine art; to characterize the style of realist sculpture and …Fine Arts (2022-23) A student may offer any one of the following course: (a) Painting (Code No.049) OR (b) Graphics (Code No.050) OR (c) Sculpture (Code No.051) OR (d) Applied Art-Commercial Art (Code No.052) The following art terminologies for all the four subjects are prescribed only for reference andFrom here, students get to work. 5. Have students create underpaintings, or as Laura calls it, “painted paper.”. Laura chooses to pre-paint plain (boring) construction paper with analogous colors BEFORE students start creating on the paper. By adding paint to the paper first, it makes the final creation have more depth and come alive.Animal Crossing: New Horizons real vs. fake painting differences. Academic Painting ("Vitruvian Man” by Leonardo Da Vinci) — The fake copy has tea or coffee stains in the top-right corner. Academic painting was characterized by a focus on accuracy, formal conventions, and the representation of historical events. On the other hand, impressionism was a departure from the norm since it sought to capture transitory impressions through the use of gestural brushwork and an emphasis on topical themes. The term "Academic art" (sometimes referred to as "academicism" or "eclecticism") has traditionally been used in fine art; to characterize the style of realist sculpture and …NIOS is providing a number of Vocational, Life Enrichment and community oriented courses besides General and Academic Courses at Secondary and Senior Secondary level. ... 225 - Painting: View 225 - Painting - April 2013 (2.24 MB) View 225 - Painting - Oct 2014 (92 KB) View 225 - Painting - April 2015: View 225 - Painting - Oct 2015 (147 KB)Apr 7, 2022 · Academic painting is a type of painting that is characterized by its use of traditional techniques and subjects. It is often used in educational settings, such as in classrooms or museums. Academic painting can be used to create a variety of different effects, depending on the techniques that are used. Some common academic painting techniques ... Academic art, also known as fireman art, is an artistic movement of the mid-19th century. It is expressed in a strong interest in historical themes and orientalism. ... As you can imagine, the more important the subject, the larger the painting must be to represent it. Ernest Meissonier, 1814, Campagne de France (1864), Paris, musée d'Orsay.In this online painting course, you'll learn a traditional approach to oil painting or acrylic painting. Working with a professional artist, you'll study a time-honored approach to painting that enables you to capture …The principles Academic painting was based on are labelled “prejudices” and even “retardations” that should be replaced by a more expressive way of painting (Niculescu 1956, 132). Presenting Academism as an unfortunate influence over Grigorescu‟s painting, Niculescu sees a proof of Grigorescu‟s definitive departure from that manner ...Mar 11, 2024 · The academic painting is a painting in Animal Crossing: New Horizons introduced in the 1.2.0 April Free Update. It is based on Leonardo da Vinci's Vitruvian Man; it is one of three da Vinci pieces to appear in the Animal Crossing series, alongside the famous painting and the serene painting. All paintings, including the Academic Painting, can be bought from Redd for 4,980 Bells, regardless of whether they are real or fake. Real and Fake Differences .Nov 30, 2022 · Academic art, also known as fireman art, is an artistic movement of the mid-19th century. It is expressed in a strong interest in historical themes and orientalism. Indeed, academic art is characterised by precise and determined guidelines from the nineteenth century. The first was the hierarchy of genres. Learn about the Academic Art movement, a 19th-century style of realism and idealism influenced by the European art academies. Discover the characteristics, influences, …painting curriculum should be to provide students with an opportunity to explore natural and man made objects, situations and subjects to learn about the elements and principles of painting while enjoying their creative expression through different mediums and techniques. The course consists of (i) Painting theory and (ii) Painting practicals.The Education of Achilles by the Centaur Chiron by Auguste-Clément Chrétien, dated 1861. The Salon. The greatest celebration of Academic art was the annual Paris Salon — the official art exhibition of the Académie des Beaux-Arts. The Salon was highly competitive, and its jury strict and conservative. Salon paintings were juried to …Two international expositions-the 1867 Universal Exposition held in Paris and the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition held in Chicago-bracketed the golden age of French academic painting. This study explores the trajectory of their careers during this twenty-five year span by means of an analysis of multiple factors that led to their striking success in …Apr 2, 2024 · 02 April, 2024. Academic Art refers to a style of painting and sculpture that emerged in the 19th century and emphasized classical techniques, realism, and historical subjects. As an art movement, Academic Art was rooted in the art academies and government-sponsored art centers of Europe, where young artists were rigorously trained in classical ... July-December 2022 - Vol 10 Num. 2. Curling, twisting and plaiting of fine pliable threads of precious metals and arranging them in a precise pattern after which it is fixed by soldering are the technique of filigree, which is predominately used in jewellery making. Things that are usually produced with this technique appear delicate and complex.All paintings, including the Academic Painting, can be bought from Redd for 4,980 Bells, regardless of whether they are real or fake. Real and Fake Differences .French art salons and academies. From the seventeenth century to the early part of the twentieth century, artistic production in France was controlled by artistic academies which organized official exhibitions called salons. In France, academies are institutions and learned societies which monitor, foster, critique and protect French cultural ... Academic Institutions: The academic approach to painting was closely associated with established art academies and institutions, which provided rigorous training and upheld strict standards of artistic excellence. These institutions played a significant role in shaping the style and subject matter favored by academic painters. In academic writing, taking an abstract approach is less appropriate for producing journal articles or theses to the required standard. Abstract painting may have its parallel in free-style writing, journaling, or blogging, but most academic writing follows a certain structure based on the expectations of reviewers or examiners.To note, before you go buying the Academic Painting, it’s important for you to check whether it’s real or the fake one. Well, to know if it’s real or fake, you can see the appearance of the painting. Here’s how to know! Arts’ Name: Academic Paintings. Buy Price: 4.980 Bells. Sell Price: 1,245 Bells.French Paintings of the 19th Century. Edouard Manet. The Railway, 1873. Gift of Horace Havemeyer in memory of his mother, Louisine W. Havemeyer. 1956.10.1. View all 19th-Century French paintings. As the …Painting is a visual art, which is characterized by the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a ... The word 'style' in the latter sense has fallen out of favor in academic discussions about contemporary painting, though it continues to be used in popular contexts. Such movements or classifications include ...i. Tribal Paintings ii. Company Paintings iii. Bengal School of Painting iv. Miniature Paintings 1 4. The painting ‘Nand, Yashoda, and Krishna with kinsmen going to Vrindavan’ reflecting the leadership qualities of a youth by voluntarily taking responsibilities at a crucial moment is painted by Miniature Artist: i. Nihalchand ii. Nuruddin• Academic painting was art that was acceptable to the Royal Academy as described by Sir Joshua Reynolds in his lecture series called the Discourses. • The Royal Academy of Arts was founded in 1768 and it exerted an enormous influence over the development of art during the nineteenth century.Academic art, academicism, or academism, is a style of painting and sculpture produced under the influence of European academies of art, usually used of work produced in the 19th century, after the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815. In this period the standards of the French Académie des Beaux-Arts … See moreThe concept behind my online painting classes is that you need to build up your skills in 9 key areas in order to paint well. I call these the Virtual Art Academy Building Blocks TM. They are, Drawing, Form, Color, Composition, Brushwork, Notan, Observation, Concept, and Process. Many students are frustrated with their progress, and it is ...Master’s Program. Our MFA program in Painting emphasizes critical and artistic growth through the evolution of a rigorous studio practice. With a shared passion for the history and craft of painting binding the department together, faculty assist you in developing their own vision, supporting an enormous diversity of formal and conceptual ...The most important artistic movement of Greek art in the 19th century was academic realism, often called in Greece "the Munich School" (Greek: Σχολή του Μονάχου) because of the strong influence from the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of Munich (German: Münchner Akademie der Bildenden Künste), where many Greek artists trained. . The Munich …Coverage: 1850 to 1969. Covers nearly 300 art history periodicals from the mid-1850s through the 1960s with access points that include artists, artworks, private and public collections, exhibitions, and reproductions in a broad range of European languages.mihir shah. The Mission: A single book covering the practical and scientific basics underpinning the strategic formulation of modern paint and coatings systems – from physicochemical concepts to the recipes themselves. This book explains and elaborates in some depth on the key principles of coatings formulation. Indispensable for formulators. Characteristics of academic art. Understanding the characteristics of academic art is important because it has had an impact on the art world. Academic art has emerged as a new form of art due to the diversity of art forms. Rationality. The Academy made a concerted effort to promote "intellectual" forms of artistic expression. Lastly, the Academic ranking system reflected each category's display value. History painting was the largest and most suitable genre for public disply, followed by portraiture, genre-works and landscapes, while still life canvases were typically the smallest and executed for domestic viewing only. ControversyOur Academic Art paintings are 100% hand-painted on canvas by skilled artists: Filter. Sort by: Display. items per page. 1 2 3... Fallen Angel. Alexandre Cabanel. Item No. 80188. Sale: From $529.00 $264.50. Young Page in Florentine Garg also known as The Sword-Bearing Page. Alexandre Cabanel. Item No. 80208 ...Academic Art is the painting and sculpture produced under the influence of the Academies in Europe and especially France, where many artists received their formal training. It is …Read. 1 The Practice and Science of Drawing by Harold Speed. 2 The Journal of Eugene Delacroix by Eugene Delacroix. 3 The Shallows by Nicholas Carr. 4 On Painting by Leon Battista Alberti. 5 Art and Fear by David Bayles & Ted Orland. Y ou’ve written that the best way to learn about art is to make it. The art you’ve been making has been in ...The painting is thought to depict a daughter of either Adolf or Justus Lieser. A painting by the Austrian artist Gustav Klimt that was believed lost for the past 100 years, is to be … The Academic Art movement or academicism, influenced by the French Académie des Beaux-Arts, embraces the highlights from both neoclassicism and romanticism.The term Academic Art was traditionally used to describe high-minded realist painting and sculpture under the influence of European academies of art, best reflected by the paintings of William-Adolphe Bouguereau, Thomas Couture, and Hans ... The Oxford Art Journal Essay Prize for Early Career Researchers is an annual award, launched in 2018. The Prize welcomes entries on any topic relevant to art history from British and international doctoral students, as well as early career researchers who are within five years of gaining their PhD. Find out more.Fake Academic Painting: Has a coffee stain, has a strange key taped to the back; We’ll update this list with more creepy and haunted art as we come across it.The Academicians of the Royal Academy (also known as Life School of the Royal Academy) is an oil painting executed in 1771–72 by Johan Zoffany.The group portrait was produced shortly after the foundation of the Royal Academy of Arts in London in 1769. It portrays 34 of the early members of the Royal Academy preparing for a life drawing class …The Aga Khan Academy provides an outstanding academic education and enables students to obtain the best results. Although the Nursery School does not have a …Basic features and characteristics of Academic Art were laid down by the French Academy, stated below: • Rationality: It considered fine art to be an intellectual discipline, involving a high degree of reason, thus the “rationality” of a painting was all-important. Such rationality was exemplified by a work’s subject-matter, its use of ...Basic features and characteristics of Academic Art were laid down by the French Academy, stated below: • Rationality: It considered fine art to be an intellectual discipline, involving a high degree of reason, thus the “rationality” of a painting was all-important. Such rationality was exemplified by a work’s subject-matter, its use of ...Therefore, another determining factor for the censure of icon painting during the European Classicism and its detachment from the legacy of the Antiquity was the acknowledgment of academic painting in the West as the only valid system of representation from the Renaissance until the early 20th century, appropriating at the …3 days ago · How to identify academic art? 1. Idealized life in a pastoral landscape, similar to that found in Rococo art, makes a comeback. But paintings don’t feature aristocrats anymore, only members from the poor, lower classes. Look for beautiful, barefoot peasant girls, brimming with youth and innocence, e.g. Islamic Carpets in European Paintings. Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux (1827–1875) Jean-Baptiste Greuze (1725–1805) John Singer Sargent (1856–1925) John Singleton Copley …ACADEMIC PAINTING II: DEMO Lecture/Demonstration I also offer personalized tutoring for individuals, along with private workshops for studios and organizations. Instruction can be online or in-person and cover any subject, including basic drawing, anatomy, composition, perspective, painting, professional development and more.History painting is a genre in painting defined by its subject matter rather than any artistic style or specific ... ("Fireman art") was a derisory term for official academic historical painting, and in a final phase, "History painting of a debased sort, scenes of brutality and terror, purporting to illustrate episodes from Roman and ...mihir shah. The Mission: A single book covering the practical and scientific basics underpinning the strategic formulation of modern paint and coatings systems – from physicochemical concepts to the recipes themselves. This book explains and elaborates in some depth on the key principles of coatings formulation. Indispensable for formulators.Two international expositions-the 1867 Universal Exposition held in Paris and the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition held in Chicago-bracketed the golden age of French academic painting. This study explores the trajectory of their careers during this twenty-five year span by means of an analysis of multiple factors that led to their striking success in …Academic Painting: It’s easy to spot the difference between the real and fake versions of the Academic Painting, as the fake piece has a coffee ring stain on the top right, whereas the real piece does not. Amazing Painting: To identify whether the Amazing Painting is real or fake, look closely at the black-clad gentleman who is front and center. …Academics. Home. Kate McNamara. Critic - Painting Image. BA, Hampshire College MA, Bard College [email protected]. 401-454-6158. ... It is a seminar class addressed particularly to the senior painting student. Open to Senior Painting Students only. Elective. Spring 2024 Courses. PAINT 4570-01 - CRITICAL CURATING Level Undergraduate.Academic painting. A kind of painting that respects all the rules dictated by the academies of the arts, the “guardians” of the artistic tradition who rigidly uphold the classical norms of representation. Let us bear in mind that the academies arose at a time where the subjectivity of the artists, their particular way of seeing the universe ... The Academic Art movement or academicism, influenced by the French Académie des Beaux-Arts, embraces the highlights from both neoclassicism and romanticism.The term Academic Art was traditionally used to describe high-minded realist painting and sculpture under the influence of European academies of art, best reflected by the paintings of William-Adolphe Bouguereau, Thomas Couture, and Hans ... The concept behind my online painting classes is that you need to build up your skills in 9 key areas in order to paint well. I call these the Virtual Art Academy Building Blocks TM. They are, Drawing, Form, Color, Composition, Brushwork, Notan, Observation, Concept, and Process. Many students are frustrated with their progress, and it is ...Fake Academic Painting: Has a coffee stain, has a strange key taped to the back; We’ll update this list with more creepy and haunted art as we come across it.Academic art, whose standard was ancient classical art, the European tradition, and historical subjects rendered predominantly in painting and sculpture, retained sway …Apr 2, 2024 · 02 April, 2024. Academic Art refers to a style of painting and sculpture that emerged in the 19th century and emphasized classical techniques, realism, and historical subjects. As an art movement, Academic Art was rooted in the art academies and government-sponsored art centers of Europe, where young artists were rigorously trained in classical ...

A better curriculum that is more responsive to global trends of sustainable design, universal design and environmental design. A centre of quality and competitive design research, …. Flight from sfo to lax

academic painting

The history of female nudity in art is never the same, as different societies and cultures have accepted nude scenes to varying degrees over the centuries and millennia. Indeed, nudity in art reflects the social norms of a given time and place, referring to the ways in which things are represented, indelibly linked to the conception of what is right or …the press. This study explains why academic painting and sculpture were thought to be important phenomena and how they were perceived by their makers, the critics and gallery-goers. Academic art is examined by considering the aesthetic concepts and artistic genres that were most prominent in the critical discourses surrounding Burlington House.Nov 9, 2021 · Animal Crossing: New Horizons real vs. fake painting differences. Academic Painting ("Vitruvian Man” by Leonardo Da Vinci) — The fake copy has tea or coffee stains in the top-right corner. Ophelia is an 1851–52 painting by British artist Sir John Everett Millais in the collection of Tate Britain, London.It depicts Ophelia, a character from William Shakespeare's play Hamlet, singing before she drowns in a river.. The work encountered a mixed response when first exhibited at the Royal Academy, but has since come to be admired as one of … Academic art, or academicism or academism, is a style of painting and sculpture produced under the influence of European academies of art. Specifically, academic art is the art and artists influenced by the standards of the French Académie des Beaux-Arts, which was practiced under the movements of Neoclassicism and Romanticism, and the art that followed these two movements in the attempt to ... Academic art, or academicism or academism, is a style of painting and sculpture produced under the influence of European academies of art. Specifically, academic art is the art and artists influenced by the standards of the French Académie des Beaux-Arts, which was practiced under the movements of Neoclassicism and Romanticism, and the art that …Academic Painting fake vs real differences: Stains; the fake version will have a mug stain in the upper right corner: Amazing Painting fake vs real differences:First, murals can create a more welcoming and inclusive environment. By showcasing the diversity and culture of the school community, murals can help students feel like they belong and are valued. This can lead to increased engagement in school activities and a greater sense of investment in their education. Second, murals can be used as a …Our Academic Art paintings are 100% hand-painted on canvas by skilled artists: Filter. Sort by: Display. items per page. 1 2 3... Fallen Angel. Alexandre Cabanel. Item No. 80188. Sale: From $529.00 $264.50. Young Page in Florentine Garg also known as The Sword-Bearing Page. Alexandre Cabanel. Item No. 80208 ... Paul Gauguin and the Primitive Ideal. Van Gogh moved to Provence for the magnificent light, and he tried to convince other artists to join him. Paul Gauguin, restless and disgusted by “civilization,” stayed with van Gogh for a time and then fled to the most “savage” place he could think of in the French Empire: Tahiti. The academic painting is a piece of artwork available in New Horizons. It can be bought from Jolly Redd's Treasure Trawler and donated to the museum. As it is sold by Redd, the player should keep in mind that they may be purchasing a forgery. The academic painting is based on the Vitruvian Man, made by Leonardo da Vinci in about 1490. It is accompanied by notes based on the work of the Roman ... In Animal Crossing: New Horizons, a merchant named Cousin Redd sells various works of art - comprised of paintings and sculptures, but beware because his inventory isn't always the real deal! This ...Published on June 19, 2020 / Updated on October 14, 2023. Email: [email protected] / Phone: +44 7429 011000. Alexandre Cabanel's Fallen Angel (l'ange dechu), from 1847, has gained something of a cult status in recent years. It remains the French Academic artist's most famous painting of all.Painting is a visual art, which is characterized by the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a ... The word 'style' in the latter sense has fallen out of favor in academic discussions about contemporary painting, though it continues to be used in popular contexts. Such movements or classifications include ...Figure study. A figure study is a drawing or painting of the human body made in preparation for a more composed or finished work; [1] or to learn drawing and painting techniques in general and the human figure in particular. By preference, figure studies are done from a live model, but may also include the use of other references [2] and the ...Learn anywhere with our online instructional video, where principal instructor Fernando Freitas takes you through a step-by-step process of the stages of painting in the tradition of the French Academic ateliers. Starting with the imprimatura, the drawing stage, dead colour, first painting, then finally second painting, students will gain a ...Academic painting | Discover Madrid Academy of Art in Spain, where art education transcends boundaries. Explore our comprehensive programs offering lessons, studies, and workshops in drawing, painting, and sculpting. Join a vibrant community dedicated to nurturing creative talents and advancing artistic mastery. Academic art in France In order to regulate French painting , the Academy introduced the hierarchy of genres , which included five genres ranked in accordance with the so-called edifying value. This list was announced in 1669 , and it contained the following ( listed according to the ranking): .

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