Mummichog metabolomics - The typical application of the mummichog algorithm is to predict pathway activities based on a list of MS peaks ranked based on t-tests. The concept can be …

 
The mummichog technique, a metabolic pathway enrichment analysis, ... Functional analysis of metabolomics data using mummichog. The mummichog algorithm was applied to elucidate the biological processes underlying metabolic alterations related to TB and DM via MetaboAnalyst 5.0 platform.. Creditwise com

Export to GitHub atcg - mummichog_for_metabolomics.wiki. There was an error obtaining wiki data: {"data":{"text":null},"status":-1,"config":{"method":"GET ...Jun 12, 2022 · The mummichog algorithm has been developed to to perform pathway activity analysis directly from LC-MS untargeted metabolomics peak list data.The algorithm is based on the assumption that even the mapping of LC-MS peaks to compounds is often inaccurate, it is still possible to identify meaningful functional changes by performing enrichment analysis based on those “fuzzy” annotations, as ... This week in the NFL, it's the Patriots vs Lions, Eagles vs Colts, and Cowboys vs Seahawks. Here's how to watch NFL games for free online. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive ...Dec 26, 2022 · The mummichog algorithm enhances the classical ORA in two ways: application to untargeted metabolomics based on putative identification of metabolites as previously explained, and a more robust P-value assessment. One of the most critical assumptions of the ORA methods is that the pathways can be treated independently. Large-scale metabolite annotation is a challenge in liquid chromatogram-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based untargeted metabolomics. ... Several approaches, such as Mummichog 16 and PIUMet 17, ...The field of metabolomics is still maturing; the community has leveraged proteomics experience when applicable and developed a range of sample preparation and instrument methodology along with myriad data processing and analysis approaches. ... Network module output from mummichog analysis of the qualitative and relative quantitative ...Jun 12, 2023 · This study demonstrates the concept of using metabolomics to investigate drug interaction with the immune response in human samples directly at molecular levels. Dec 2, 2013 ... Specifically, metabolomics is the "systematic study of the unique chemical fingerprints that specific cellular processes leave behind", the ...Jul 23, 2023 · However, these modules require metabolite identifications prior to use, which remains an important challenge in untargeted metabolomics. In comparison, the mummichog algorithm (Li et al. 2013) bypasses the bottleneck of metabolite identification prior to pathway analysis, leveraging a priori pathway and network knowledge to directly infer ... It currently supports metabolomics data generated from 25 model organisms, including the Human, Mouse and Rat. Causal Analysis [Mendelian randomization] With growing metabolomic-genome-wide association studies (mGWAS), we can now perform causal analysis between those SNP-tagged metabolites and disease outcomes by leveraging …Mummichog: pathway and network analysis for metabolomics . Shuzhao Li, Ph.D Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, …Jan 18, 2020 · This chapter provides an overview of the general concepts and common tools for pathway analysis, including Mummichog for untargeted metabolomics. Examples of pathway mapping, MetScape, and Mummichog are explained. This serves as both a practical tutorial and a timely survey of pathway analysis for label-free metabolomics data. Mummichog, pathway and network analysis for Metabolomics. 11/15/2018 1. Mummichog, pathway and network analysis for Metabolomics. Shuzhao Li, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Dept. Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine E‐mail: [email protected] July 26, 2018. Metabolomics Immunology Bioinformatics.Jun 17, 2022 · The top significantly perturbed pathways are related with fatty acid metabolism based on the mummichog algorithm, while the GSEA algorithm also reports some amino acid metabolism related pathways. The combined approach of GSEA and mummichog confirm two significant pathways (Fatty acid oxidation and Carnitine shuttle). …Metabolomics is a rapidly evolving field that generates large and complex datasets. Bioinformatics becomes critical towards the extraction of meaningful biological information. ... Although adequate annotation is needed to interpret the result, the recent development of mummichog approach has enabled the generation of high-quality hypotheses ...Creating the p‐values. In column D, enter the ttest function, where i2:n2 are the control samples and o2:t2 the genistein samples. The “2,2” represents two‐tailed and unpaired options. Copy this formula down the entire column. Then copy (control or command c) the column and paste into column C (as a value).Volcano Plot of the MWAS results from metabolomics LCMS data derived from both the (A) C18 negative and (B) HILIC positive results.Horizontal lines are shown at FDR≤0.05 and vertical lines are shown at log 2 FC ±0.5 and dashed lines at log 2 FC ±0.25. Metabolite features with a -log 10 (FDR)>15 and/or log 2 FC>2 are designated by the …Sep 25, 2017 · Purpose of Review Metabolomics is a rapidly evolving field that generates large and complex datasets. Bioinformatics becomes critical towards the extraction of meaningful biological information. In this article, we briefly review computational approaches that have been well accepted in the field, and discuss the development of new methods and tools to interpret metabolomics data. Recent ... Oct 31, 2017 · Paired untargeted metabolomics analysis of primary mammary fat pad tumors compared to lung metastasis (n = 4).Upper panel, autonomous metabolomics aids in the identification of metabolites by automated tandem MS matching to the METLIN database; the panels show experimental and reference tandem MS comparisons for glutamine, cholesterol sulfate, uridine monophosphate and guanosine monophosphate ... Jul 23, 2023 · However, these modules require metabolite identifications prior to use, which remains an important challenge in untargeted metabolomics. In comparison, the mummichog algorithm (Li et al. 2013) bypasses the bottleneck of metabolite identification prior to pathway analysis, leveraging a priori pathway and network knowledge to directly infer ... Mummichog Serverpathway and network analysis for metabolomics. Updating cloud backend... please excuse downtime. One may use our v3 test server at the meantime. Start new analysis. Upload input file. This should be tab-delimited text file resulting from statistical analysis at feature level. One feature per line.Mummichog. Mummichog is a Python program for analyzing data from high throughput, untargeted metabolomics. It leverages the organization of metabolic networks to predict functional activity directly from feature tables, bypassing metabolite identification. The features include. This is mummichog package version 2. Version 3 is under …To gain potential biological insights from the global metabolomics data, we applied both mummichog and GSEA algorithms and integrated their results (Figure 3). Mummichog suggested that differentially abundant features between CD and healthy patients were associated with perturbations in bile acid biosynthesis and fatty acid …shuzhao@P500:~$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE xcms-sl latest 02a6ef231bc7 15 hours ago 1.32GB jasenfinch/ubuntu-r-xcms latest e58f6dcef717 35 hours ago 1.69GB shuzhao/mummichog 2.4.4 9b0ac8067b4a 5 days ago 397MB yufree/xcms latest 75d7c5534c58 8 days ago 4.66GB jupyter/datascience-notebook …Mummichog: metabolomics pathway/network analysis. metDataModel: data models for metabolomics. mass2chem: common utilities in interpreting mass spectrometry data, annotation. khipu: a Python library for generalized, low-level annotation of MS metabolomics. JMS: Json's Metabolite Services. Project details.May 3, 2023 · Lipidomics and metabolomics. Our study utilized the same lipidomics and metabolomics methods developed previously 22 and as used in various other publications 23,24,25. To ensure consistency and ...Mummichog pathway and network analysis for metabolomics. Please cite this paper if you use mummichog: Li et al. (2013) Predicting network activity from high throughput …shuzhao@P500:~$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE xcms-sl latest 02a6ef231bc7 15 hours ago 1.32GB jasenfinch/ubuntu-r-xcms latest e58f6dcef717 35 hours ago 1.69GB shuzhao/mummichog 2.4.4 9b0ac8067b4a 5 days ago 397MB yufree/xcms latest 75d7c5534c58 8 days ago 4.66GB jupyter/datascience-notebook …Plasma metabolomics profiling is an emerging methodology to identify metabolic pathways underlying cardiovascular health (CVH). The objective of this study was to define metabolomic profiles ...For metabolomics, GSEA and Mummichog use different algorithms to assign directionality within a pathway, accounting for the fact that abundance of some components within that pathway might decrease while others increase. Whereas GSEA emphasizes concerted small changes Mummichog emphasizes prominent changes.It started as a pathway and network analysis tool for untargeted metabolomics 36. Mummichog assumes that statistical testing at feature level, even without metabolite annotation, can select a subset of m/z features that carry biological meanings, which can be potentially projected onto metabolic networks as enriched patterns (Fig. 10). Such ...In addition to an efficient implementation of the mummichog algorithm (PMID: 23861661), we have added a new method to support pathway activity prediction based on the well-established GSEA algorithm (PMID: 16199517). In this tutorial, we showcase how to utilize MetaboAnalyst 2.0 to perform a comprehensive end-to-end metabolomics data workflow.Tentative metabolic pathways were identified using mummichog version 0.10.3, available as part of the XCMS Online program. An autonomous metabolomic workflow was also carried out for each sample by HILIC-MS in ESI negative mode to obtain an automatic list of metabolite identifications post-run.Mar 10, 2024 · Instead, users should focus on the the analysis concepts and the workflow for metabolomics data analysis using this tool. Version Title Note Time Stamp Version 6.0: Overview of MetaboAnalyst 6.0: Overview of MetaboAnalyst 6.0 to show key features: 2024-03-10: LC-MS Spectra Processing: A tutorial to guide raw spectra processing (LC-MS1 + …Jul 23, 2023 · However, these modules require metabolite identifications prior to use, which remains an important challenge in untargeted metabolomics. In comparison, the mummichog algorithm (Li et al. 2013) bypasses the bottleneck of metabolite identification prior to pathway analysis, leveraging a priori pathway and network knowledge to directly infer ... 11/15/2018 1 Mummichog, pathway and network analysis for Metabolomics Shuzhao Li, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Dept. Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine E‐mail: [email protected] July 26, 2018 Metabolomics Immunology Bioinformatics Where do my metabolites go?The University of Alabama at Birmingham | UABMoreover, a systematic review of metabolomics studies of AD in the PubMed, Cochrane and Embase databases were searched to extract the differential metabolites and altered pathways from original studies. ... Pathway enrichment analysis was conducted using Mummichog. In total, 669 metabolites were significantly altered with aging, and 12 pathways ...Feb 23, 2023 · Both mummichog and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) algorithms were chosen for analysis. The default top 10% of peaks by p-value was chosen for the mummichog algorithm. For more robust pathway analysis, only metabolites that matched to levels of OL1, OL2a, and OL2b along with their fold changes were imported into GeneGo Metacore (Clarivate ... Mummichog 3 dev. Mummichog is a Python program for analyzing data from high throughput, untargeted metabolomics. It leverages the organization of metabolic networks to predict functional activity directly from feature tables, bypassing metabolite identification. The version 2 is hosted at: This is version 3 under development. Mummichog Serverpathway and network analysis for metabolomics. Updating cloud backend... please excuse downtime. One may use our v3 test server at the meantime. Start new analysis. Upload input file. This should be tab-delimited text file resulting from statistical analysis at feature level. One feature per line.Jan 6, 2023 ... Theodore Alexandrov and Volker Hilsenstein (EMBL) Abstract: Recent discoveries put metabolism into the spotlight. Metabolism not only fuels ...Feb 7, 2022 · Mummichog. Mummichog is a Python program for analyzing data from high throughput, untargeted metabolomics. It leverages the organization of metabolic networks to predict functional activity directly from feature tables, bypassing metabolite identification. The features include. This is mummichog package version 2. Version 3 is under development. Mummichog 3 dev. Mummichog is a Python program for analyzing data from high throughput, untargeted metabolomics. It leverages the organization of metabolic networks to predict functional activity directly from feature tables, bypassing metabolite identification. The version 2 is hosted at: This is version 3 under development.May 6, 2020 · Set the peak format for mummichog analysis. rdrr.io Find an R package R language docs Run R in your browser. xia-lab/MetaboAnalystR3.0 ... An R Package for Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolomics Data. Package index. Search the xia-lab/MetaboAnalystR3.0 package. Vignettes. README.md Functions. 1631. Source code. …Research papers that use mummichog. Gardinassi et al. (2018) Integrative metabolomics and transcriptomics signatures of clinical tolerance to Plasmodium vivax reveal activation of innate cell immunity and T cell signaling. Redox Biology. DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.04.011.Jan 18, 2020 · This chapter provides an overview of the general concepts and common tools for pathway analysis, including Mummichog for untargeted metabolomics. Examples of pathway mapping, MetScape, and Mummichog are explained. This serves as both a practical tutorial and a timely survey of pathway analysis for label-free metabolomics data. Some categories are showing a 25% bonus instead of 50%. That's a big drop in value, and it seems that it's already in effect. Increased Offer! Hilton No Annual Fee 70K + Free Night...See full list on github.com Jan 22, 2021 · Metabolomics has been predominantly used as a biomarker discovery tool 1,2,3,4; however, it also has the unique ability to identify the broad metabolic changes that occur within an organism 5 ... This chapter provides an overview of the general concepts and common tools for pathway analysis, including Mummichog for untargeted metabolomics. Examples of pathway mapping, MetScape, and Mummichog are explained. This serves as both a practical tutorial and a timely survey of pathway analysis for label-free metabolomics data. less This module performs integrated metabolic pathway analysis on results obtained from combined metabolomics and gene expression studies conducted under the same experimental conditions. It currently supports metabolomics data generated from 25 model organisms, including the Human, Mouse and Rat. Causal Analysis [Mendelian randomization] With ... The metabolome refers to the complete set of small molecules present in a biological sample and is closely related to an organism’s phenotype. Metabolomics is …Feb 7, 2022 · Mummichog. Mummichog is a Python program for analyzing data from high throughput, untargeted metabolomics. It leverages the organization of metabolic networks to predict functional activity directly from feature tables, bypassing metabolite identification. The features include. This is mummichog package version 2. Version 3 is under development. like Mummichog. As a test case, we studied the metabolic e ects of treatment with nicotinamide riboside, a form of vitamin B3, in a cohort of patients with ataxia–telangiectasia. Vitamin B3 is an ... metabolomics study was to see whether the vitamin B3 pathway-related metabolites were indeedThe moment Helen held her future daughter-in-law’s hand, she knew everything was going to change. The connection and the bond she felt were undeniable, and it doesn’t help that the...Dec 15, 2023 · Fixed the mummichog heatmap issue due to update (01/03/2024); The Causal Analysis modules is now available for evaluating causal relationships based on metabolomics GWAS studies (12/18/2023); The MS2 Peak Annotation module is now available for annotation of both DDA and SWATH-DIA data (12/16/2023);May 7, 2020 · This process is very time consuming and remains a key bottleneck in global metabolomics [19,20]. The mummichog algorithm has introduced the concept of predicting pathway activity from ranked LC-MS peaks based on matching patterns of putatively annotated metabolites . The algorithm is available as Python scripts . Jan 31, 2019 · integrative metabolomics analysis Jasmine Chong 1 , Othman Soufan 1 , Carin Li 2 , Iurie Caraus 1,3 , Shuzhao Li 4 , Guillaume Bourque 3,5 , David S. Wishart 2,6 and Jianguo Xia 1,3,7,*Mar 8, 2023 ... Results from pathway analysis in Mummichog of the m/z features that were differentially changed in the treatment group vs. control group, only ...Jun 11, 2018 ... This is the first module of the Informatics and Statistics for Metabolomics 2018 workshop hosted by the Canadian Bioinformatics Workshops in ...Feb 25, 2021 · High-Throughput Metabolomics for Discovering Potential Biomarkers and Identifying Metabolic Mechanisms in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Front Cell Dev ... Pathway enrichment analysis was conducted using Mummichog. In total, 669 metabolites were significantly altered with aging, and 12 pathways were enriched and correlated with …Jun 11, 2018 ... This is the first module of the Informatics and Statistics for Metabolomics 2018 workshop hosted by the Canadian Bioinformatics Workshops in ...Dec 26, 2022 · The mummichog algorithm enhances the classical ORA in two ways: application to untargeted metabolomics based on putative identification of metabolites as previously explained, and a more robust P-value assessment. One of the most critical assumptions of the ORA methods is that the pathways can be treated independently. like Mummichog. As a test case, we studied the metabolic e ects of treatment with nicotinamide riboside, a form of vitamin B3, in a cohort of patients with ataxia–telangiectasia. Vitamin B3 is an ... metabolomics study was to see whether the vitamin B3 pathway-related metabolites were indeedBackground: Global or untargeted metabolomics is widely used to comprehensively investigate metabolic profiles under various pathophysiological conditions such as inflammations, infections, responses to exposures or interactions with microbial communities. However, biological interpretation of global metabolomics data remains a …Jul 2, 2018 · For this year's update, four new key features have been added to MetaboAnalyst 4.0, including: (1) real-time R command tracking and display coupled with the release of a companion MetaboAnalystR package; (2) a MS Peaks to Pathways module for prediction of pathway activity from untargeted mass spectral data using the mummichog algorithm; (3) a ... 03-05-2019 - Version Update: 2.0.0! - added function for graphical integration of results from mummichog and fGSEA, added new tutorial with example data from the fecal metabolome of IBD patients \n. 03-03-2019 - Version Update: 1.0.4 - added support for pathway activity prediction using fGSEA; major release coming soon after bug fixes \nStable isotopes have been used in targeted MS-based metabolomics as internal standards to validate the identity of a metabolite and also for elucidating and tracing the involvement of metabolites in pathways for the past 60 years. 85−94 The stable isotopes have the same physicochemical properties as natural abundance metabolites but contain …Jan 18, 2020 · This chapter provides an overview of the general concepts and common tools for pathway analysis, including Mummichog for untargeted metabolomics. Examples of pathway mapping, MetScape, and Mummichog are explained. This serves as both a practical tutorial and a timely survey of pathway analysis for label-free metabolomics data. Most metabolite features detected by untargeted metabolomics carried out by liquid-chromatography ... The Mummichog algorithm 11 used metabolic networks to resolve some unknown …The combination of high-resolution LC-MS untargeted metabolomics with stable isotope-resolved tracing is a promising approach for the global exploration of metabolic pathway activities.The University of Alabama at Birmingham | UABSep 25, 2017 · Purpose of Review Metabolomics is a rapidly evolving field that generates large and complex datasets. Bioinformatics becomes critical towards the extraction of meaningful biological information. In this article, we briefly review computational approaches that have been well accepted in the field, and discuss the development of new methods and tools to interpret metabolomics data. Recent ... Mar 4, 2024 · Mummichog: metabolomics pathway/network analysis. metDataModel: data models for metabolomics. mass2chem: common utilities in interpreting mass spectrometry data, annotation. khipu: a Python library for generalized, low-level annotation of MS metabolomics. JMS: Json's Metabolite Services. Project details.Network module output from mummichog analysis of the qualitative and relative quantitative differences in metabolomic profiles of G6PDd deficient vs. normal human erythrocytes. Feature m/z values and significance measurements were used to predict metabolic activity networks without the use of conventional MS/MS identification workflows.Oct 5, 2021 ... Network analysis or general pathway tools, including, for example, the mummichog algorithm or gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) predict ...Apr 8, 2022 · The present quality control method of Chinese medicinal materials (CMM) has obvious deficiency, which cannot be compatible with the multi-target and multi-component characteristics and production process of CMM. Plant metabolomics with a huge impetus to comprehensively characterize the metabolites and clarify the complexity and integrity of …Project identifier. Metabolic model. Significance cutoff p-value in input file. Ion mode. Mass accuracy (ppm) Adduct Type M [1+] M+H [1+] M+2H [2+] M (C13)+H [1+] M (C13)+2H …See full list on github.com Jan 7, 2019 · The metabolites in WGCNA modules were also predicted by mummichog, which supports the validity of the in silico network analysis since the two different analyses yielded consistent results. Therefore, we believe metabolomics based modules associated with FE possibly represent a molecular metabolic signature of FE. Research papers that use mummichog. Gardinassi et al. (2018) Integrative metabolomics and transcriptomics signatures of clinical tolerance to Plasmodium vivax reveal activation of innate cell immunity and T cell signaling. Redox Biology. DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.04.011.

Mummichog software analysis, which was designed to evaluated untargeted metabolomics data (20), predicted the activity of diverse metabolic pathways, including arachidonic acid metabolism and ... . Vio review

mummichog metabolomics

This chapter provides an overview of the general concepts and common tools for pathway analysis, including Mummichog for untargeted metabolomics. Examples of pathway mapping, MetScape, and Mummichog are explained. This serves as both a practical tutorial and a timely survey of pathway analysis for label-free metabolomics data. less Metabolomics, which is the profiling of metabolites in biofluids, cells and tissues, is routinely applied as a tool for biomarker discovery. ... These include mummichog 46 and metabolite set enrichment analysis (MSEA) 97. In addition, stable isotope metabolomics 56,57 and omics-scale big data integration can reveal interconnectivity between ...The goal of metabolomics is to measure as many metabolites as possible in order to capture biomarkers that may indicate disease mechanisms. Variable selection in chemometric methods can be divided into the following two groups: (1) sparse methods that find the minimal set of variables to discriminate between groups and (2) methods that find all variables important for …In this study, we have evaluated the metabolomic and lipidomic profiles in serum samples of nonhuman primates (NHPs) treated with Ex-Rad after exposure to ionizing radiation. ... Mummichog pathway ... Mummichog 3 dev. Mummichog is a Python program for analyzing data from high throughput, untargeted metabolomics. It leverages the organization of metabolic networks to predict functional activity directly from feature tables, bypassing metabolite identification. The version 2 is hosted at: This is version 3 under development. Testing for pathway enrichment is an important aspect in the analysis of untargeted metabolomics data. Due to the unique characteristics of untargeted metabolomics data, some key issues have not been fully addressed in existing pathway testing algorithms: (i) matching uncertainty between data features and metabolites; (ii) lacking of method to analyze …The Mummichog algorithm (v2.0) was used in the web-based interface of MetaboAnalyst 5.0 to infer biosynthetic and degradation pathway activity linked to bola SL mean volumetric productivity (MVP) from the metabolomics dataset [32], [33].The mummichog technique, a metabolic pathway enrichment analysis, ... Functional analysis of metabolomics data using mummichog. The mummichog algorithm was applied to elucidate the biological processes underlying metabolic alterations related to TB and DM via MetaboAnalyst 5.0 platform.IVZ AMERICAN INFRAS GR 2021-4 F CA- Performance charts including intraday, historical charts and prices and keydata. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksMetaboAnalyst (www.metaboanalyst.ca) is an easy-to-use, comprehensive web-based tool, freely available for metabolomics data processing, statistical analysis, functional interpretation, as well as integration with other omics data.This chapter first provides an introductory overview to the current MetaboAnalyst (version 4.0) with …Aug 1, 2016 · A network-based method and computational tool, PIUMet, reveals disease-associated molecular pathways from untargeted metabolomics data without requiring mass-spectral feature identification. Mar 15, 2024 · An R Package for Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolomics Data. Package index. Search the xia-lab/MetaboAnalystR package. Vignettes. README.md Functions. 1986. Source code. 98. ... Set the p-value cutoff for mummichog analysis. Usage SetMummichogPvalFromPercent(mSetObj = NA, fraction) Arguments. mSetObj: Input …Jun 17, 2020 · Metabolomics is a rapidly growing field of study that endeavors to measure the complete set of metabolites ... Using an accurate m/z search under 50 ppm, metabolites from positive and negative ionization were matched in Mummichog software, which included metabolites from KEGG and other databases. Mummichog software ...1 Introduction. Metabolomics aims to study all small compounds within a biological system. It complements other omics technologies in multi-omics characterization of biological systems, and is poised to play a significant role in precision medicine (Wishart, 2016).With the growing applications of metabolomics comes an urgent need for easy-to-use, open-source …1 Introduction. Metabolomics aims to study all small compounds within a biological system. It complements other omics technologies in multi-omics characterization of biological systems, and is poised to play a significant role in precision medicine (Wishart, 2016).With the growing applications of metabolomics comes an urgent need for easy-to-use, open-source …Plasma metabolomics profiling is an emerging methodology to identify metabolic pathways underlying cardiovascular health (CVH). The objective of this study was to define metabolomic profiles ...Network module output from mummichog analysis of the qualitative and relative quantitative differences in metabolomic profiles of G6PDd deficient vs. normal human erythrocytes. Feature m/z values and significance measurements were used to predict metabolic activity networks without the use of conventional MS/MS identification workflows.Jan 7, 2019 · The metabolites in WGCNA modules were also predicted by mummichog, which supports the validity of the in silico network analysis since the two different analyses yielded consistent results. Therefore, we believe metabolomics based modules associated with FE possibly represent a molecular metabolic signature of FE. .

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